STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PLAN USING
PARTICIPARTORY RURAL APPRAISAL
FOR
TEHSIL SUMBAL SONAWARI (BANDIPORA)
FROM
19th – 28th, JUNE 2008.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sumbal Sonawari is definitely one of several Tehsil involving centre Bandipora erstwhile center Baramulla Kashmir. Sumbal is located 34013’ N plus 74037’ E along with the average altitude involving 5178 toes (1578.25 meter) on top of necessarily mean seaside level. The District Bandipora is actually getting 3 Tehsils viz. Bandiopa, Gurez plus Sumbal Sonawari which includes a total people of 306511 persons composed of of 158754 adult men as well as 147757 females. Out belonging to the overall people on the section Bandipora this tehsil Sumbal Sonawari will be obtaining populace associated with 149013 folks composed of 76411 males plus 72602 females. The region Bandipora includes lots connected with 53 Panchyat halqas along with two hundred villages outside that 12 Panchayat Halqas with 51 towns fall around Block Sumbal of tehsil Sonawari.
The Bandipora region is actually surrounded through Kupwara inside West, Baramulla inside the South, Kargil, Srinagar and Ganderbal inside East as well as LoC within the North. The centre features severe frosty weather factors in cold months as well as a agreeable weather in summer. Each a part of this centre things snowfall during winter. Road to help Gurez remains closed during winter weather thanks to snowfall. Average yearly rainfall within District Bandipora offers been documented as 589 mm together with around 82 bitter days.
Tehsil Sumbal Sonwari centered at the South connected with Bandipora possessing various topography viz. plains, karewas, hillocks, plus marshy lands, along with water bodies. This type of topography in general makes the location at risk from deluge while very well to drought conditions. The cultivable places will be fertile typically containing more clay-based and also silt. The river Jehlam plus Sindh transferring as a result of areas behaves while primary method to obtain irrigation. At the vast majority of places the water can be elevated by the pumps and also handed out by way of irrigation canals. The high clay-based written content creates soils quite unfastened any time soaked and very , very hard when dry.
The village women of all ages in addition to village youths have been primarily located engaged in production connected with handicrafts like carpet making, shawl making, embroidery etc. and practically each and every household ended up being working with a carpet weaving unit.The people mostly belong to very low earnings sets and are also cheaply backward. The problem becomes further aggravated as a result of lower productivity, unemployment/ underemployment, deficit of communication in addition to essential facilities for example instruction plus health. Majority with the people endure malnutrition and under eating plan along with the worst type of strike number is definitely children in addition to women. The risk in order to health and fitness problems will be apprehended because of that will very poor sanitary conditions, harmful waters comforts etc.
To reduce low income in your place Govt. Departments, Institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) plus allied specialists will work hard to increase the generation in addition to productivity, generate business in addition to strengthen the actual dwelling conditions as a result of their progammes and also activities. It can be with this connection, which the kind of NGO particularly Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS) accomplished to be able to the University through Directorate involving Extension Education intended for establishing SREP along with completing involving want primarily based trainings on agriculture as well as allied fields. The NGO continues to be occupied with business associated with Self Help Groups (SHGs) one of the females folk of the place with regard to mini higher education conveniences as well as ultimately females empowerment.
Director Extension Education/ SMAETI, Prof. G.M. Wani appreciatandmediately constituted a new staff with experts/ each and every on the Directorate to sling the project systematically implementing Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) process from 19th June 2008 to help 28th June 2008 in the already identified communities of your IGSSS. The whole work has been brought and also executed smoothly from a mission mode solution within the already signed time period as a result of this energetic coordination along with response on the professionals along with the particular NGO personnel.
II.METHODOLOGY
In order to get ready Strategic Research Extension Plan (SREP) for your area viz Sumbal Sonawari from the desired time frame schedule PRA process was utilized that will obtain the particular responses from the villagers. This integrated making use of of pre-tested interview schedules, interaction meetings, transect-walks, participatory observation methods, farm in addition to house trips as well as discussion etc. from a effectively designed way out of 19th June 2008 that will 28th June 2008 inside preferred villages.
The team deputed for your purpose made up of of scientists/ specialists out of Extension Education, Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant defense and also Olericulture in the Directorate and SKUAST-K divisions. The team had been likewise made it easier for by State Coordinator and Project Supervisors involving IGSSS with intro associated with self assistance organizations plus villagers at great as well as good hospitality with the team. The PRA was conducted within a systematic manner as a result of observation regarding adhering to steps:
Preparation involving interview schedule and also it is use
After pre-testing plus even more refinement of the schedule, the PRA was excellently conducted.Rapport building
In order to possess a short plan regarding the village resources, ecology, wants involving grinding area and possibilities etc. previous to complete a plan regarding PRA, your staff left for the particular place of work of IGSSS from Inderkot town associated with Sumbal Sonawari. Immediately after a strong connections conference by using your scientists, authorities regarding IGSSS along with farmers involving this vicinity especially ladies do it yourself help categories a few important information seemed to be gathered to the above aspects.
This interaction getting together with had been in addition handy around choosing this package associated with function within this identified villages intended for PRA. In each and every village, farmers/ park adult females in addition to youths gathered from the central locations of the villages along with have been consumed that will self-confidence as a result of informal discussions.
The end result with the first relationships meeting appeared to be such that the idea eased the rapport developing throughout the actual recognized communities through the particular playing with folk songs, idioms, proverbs and also desires etc. In the beginning some ideas associated recommended to their program works were floated plus sold by way of which in turn their greatest conversations diverted all of them to your harvesting and allied concerns regarding further improvement.
Identification with Villages with regard to PRA
The villages diagnosed by the IGSSS were selected as agent places that will prepare SREP for your Sumbal tehsil plus required PRA ended up being executed throughout them. In this specific way, your communities pertaining to PRA had been Inderkot, Ganastan, Gund Ibrahim as well as Tregam associated with Sumbal Sonawari tehsil. Since the tehsil crumbles around temperate agro climatic area as well as all of the picked villages include nearly homogeneous Agro Eco Situations (AES). The selected towns solely change towards the magnitude regarding many problems along with facilities.
Transect Walks
Each determined village has been visited down to schedule and also earliest hand info on your topography, location, pure resources, demography, cropping patterns, vegetation, livestock and allied socio-economic activities had been compiled with the utilization of meet with plan and also hamlet transect walks. These strolls ended up welcomed because of the villagers and they favored that will reveal their own data as well as experiences when using the scientists/ experts.
Mappings
At the conclusion of each one transect walk in addition to interaction meeting while in the selected villages, the particular farmers have been requested to draw the resource map with their villages upon drawing sheets. This training had been very imaginative and satisfying for any villagers in addition to for any various other participants.
Wealth Ranking
Wealth score appeared to be completed by means of one on one along with roundabout questioning with the villagers/farmers within the basis regarding yucky income/month/household without hurting their particular sentiments. In every small town the particular farmers/villagers ended up classified as Low, Medium and High salary group farmers. The farmers/ villagers were being eventually recognized as learning resource and also resource rich. The lots of learning resource poor villagers is definitely excess the particular resource abundant with each village.
Existing Farming Systems
To recognize the particular producing systems within every town various companies viz. growing connected with crops, fruits, vegetables, rearing involving cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, sericulture as well as different harvesting activities together with their contribution becoming taken had been assessed along with revealed . These techniques marginally are different as outlined by target degree agro-eco situations.
Gap Analysis
This seemed to be completed start by making reviews somewhere between the actual advised packages and existing practices with farmers/villagers. The unique reasons why you are the interruptions were enquired as well as farmers urged that will propose to her investigation and expansion techniques for filling these gaps. While preparing your SREP special attention will be settled park youth plus women to get work and cash flow by means of imparting involving trainings with numerous agro-vocations.
III.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SELECTED VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP
Inderkot Village
Inderkot whole village associated with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil is usually pass on around a region regarding with regards to a hundred and fifty hectares of land. More than a hundred hectares usually are irrigated plus leftover when un-irrigated plus rainfed. Water is actually elevated from your Jehlum through irrigation canals by way of push sets. Paddy can be grown below water logged conditions and mostly single showing routine is followed. Nearly eight hectares of property was described within orchards.
Inderkot comprises of seven patis (hamlets), specifically Chana-mohalla, Sadat-mohalla, Gunzri-mohalla, Bana-mohalla, Munz-mohalla, Sonabar plus Murtazabad. The town is getting 900 people which includes a people of 5500 persons, outside which will 3000 are adult males as well as 2500 females. Besides farming, carpet making will be yet another method to obtain income. Almost every household can be creating a crossbred cow, 2-3 sheep/goat along with 5-6 local poultry birds.
The village is possessing 1 center school, just one primary school, 2 EGS, three SSA as well as 3 Anganwari centers. In addition, not one but two self help groupings (2 SHGs), namely Karwane - Zainab and Himayat tend to be active under IGSS utilizing their look into new carpet weaving, filling device work, pashmina spinning, cow and/ goat parenting plus veggie growing.
The further more investigation with the records revealed the following: -
Income Groups
S.No
Income around Rupees/Month
Level associated with Income Group
No involving Households
Percentage associated with Households
1
Up to be able to 6000
Lower
342
38.00
2
6001-12000
Middle
522
58.00
3
12001 & Above
High
36
04.00
Total
900
100.00
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No of Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
621
69.00
2
Resource Rich
279
31.00
Total
900
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. associated with households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
571
63.4
2
Horticulture
7
0.8
3
Olericulture
14
1.5
4
Animal Husbandry
338
37.5
5
Sheep Husbandry
309
34.2
6
Poultry Keeping
23
2.5
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
11
1.2
8
Handloom
435
48.3
9
Embroidery
144
16
10
Others
383
42.5
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. involving households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Poultry keeping
310
35
2.
Animal Husbandry + Sheep/ Goat + Horticulture
217
24
3.
Sheep/ Goat + Poultry Keeping + Agriculture
301
33
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
72
8.0
Total
900
100
Contribution of Various Enterprises
S. No
Name of Enterprises
No of Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
369
41
2
Sheep Husbandry
171
19
3
Animal Husbandry
108
12
4
Vegetable
27
3
5
Fruits
9
1
6
Poultry Keeping
18
2
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
198
22
Total
900
100
Gund Ibrahim Village
The village is having an area involving in relation to 160 ha connected with land outside that 120 ha are irrigated along with remaining since unirrigated as well as rainded. Paddy and also maize are usually produced around Kharif and Sarson throughout Rabi in most lands. More as compared with 15 ha of stretch of land is used for orchard in addition to vegetable cultivation. The commune is owning concerning 275 households with a overall population connected with about 2500 person's composed of of 1500 gentlemen and also 1000 females. The primary sources involving irrigation are usually pick up irrigation from Sukhnal, Trazpora Nallah and are additionally referred to as when Trukulbal.
Resources
Income Groups
S.No
Income within Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No regarding Households
Percentage of Households
1
Up that will 6000
Lower
43
16
2
6001-12000
Middle
215
78
3
12001 & Above
High
17
06
Total
275
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No of Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
154
56
2
Resource Rich
121
44
Total
275
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. regarding households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
160
58
2
Horticulture
14
5
3
Olericulture
11
4
4
Animal Husbandry
66
24
5
Sheep Husbandry
83
30
6
Poultry Keeping
28
10
7
Handloom
105
38
8
Embroidery
8
3
9
Services
6
2
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. regarding households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Vegetable + Poultry keeping
127
46
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry +Agriculture + Poultry keeping
66
24
3.
Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry
49
18
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
33
12
Total
275
100
Contribution associated with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name involving Enterprises
No of Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
111
40
2
Horticulture
3
1
3
Vegetable
2
1
4
Animal Husbandry
50
18
5
Sheep Husbandry
56
20
6
Poultry Keeping
2
1
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
7
3
8
Handloom (Carpet Making)
44
16
Total
275
100
Ganastan Village
Ganastan village connected with Sumbal Tehsil can be comprised associated with 5 Paties (hamlets) namely – Khanpet, Ganastan, Checki, Goonchipora along with Rukh mohalla. It is having regarding 420 homeowners with a total people with 3200 persons, beyond which in turn 1920 tend to be guys and 1280 females. The small town will be extended that will a space of 400 hectares, beyond that 300 hectares are irrigated as well as 100 hectares as unirrigated and rainfed. About hundred hectares associated with land will be decide to put underneath orchard plus vegetables. Paddy and also maize are usually produced in Kharief along with wheat, oat and also Sarson harvested around Rabi.
The village is actually given one every single substantial school, Angan Wari Center, submit office, ECGS, SSA, Cooperative society, Unani Dispensary and also lambs center. The numerous pursuits frequently carried inside the village comprises of increasing connected with crops, cattle rearing, sheep and also goat parenting and also new carpet making etc. not one but two personal help sets particularly Usman and Ummar Groups underneath IGSSS will be presently helping with Sozni work and also wanted to divert with regard to farming and other value improvement activities.
Income Groups
S.No
Income around Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No with Households
Percentage connected with Households
1
Up for you to 6000
Lower
82
19
2
6001-12000
Middle
188
45
3
12001 & Above
High
150
36
Total
420
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No connected with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
305
72
2
Resource Rich
115
28
Total
420
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. with households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
294
70
2
Horticulture
23
5
3
Olericulture
288
69
4
Animal Husbandry
198
47
5
Sheep Husbandry
201
48
6
Poultry Keeping
150
36
7
Sericulture
48
11
8
Handloom
223
53
9
Embroidery
80
19
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. connected with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Animal Husbandry
154
36
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Agriculture + Sericulture
130
31
3.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Sheep / Goat + Poultry Keeping
104
25
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
32
8
Total
420
100
Contribution regarding Various Enterprises
S. No
Name with Enterprises
No of Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
229
54
2
Horticulture
21
5
3
Olericulture
34
8
4
Animal Husbandry
28
7
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
10
6
Poultry Keeping
12
3
7
Sericulture
12
3
8
Handloom
38
9
Embroidery
3
1
Total
420
100
Tregam Village
Tregam village regarding Tehsil Sonawari consists of Paties (helmets) like Odina, Malikpora, Mallapora along with Parraypora multiply about a place regarding with regards to 15 ha of land, away from that 10 ha can be irrigated along with majority can be unirrigated as well as rainfed. The commune will be obtaining virtually 350 households having a whole population connected with 3261 persons. The male as well as girl inhabitants noted is usually 1655 and also 1605 respectively. The hamlet is provided with four schools, one SSA along with a veterinary center. The water will be elevated with the pump models through Kawasoo evaluate in addition to Badi Numble.
The cultivable place is put below paddy, maize, rajmash in addition to vegetables and fruits around kharief and peas and also oats in rabi. Only 4 ha with area is underneath orchards. Livestock human population includes three hundred cattle, and also with regards to two hundred sheep/goat. Almost each residence is actually acquiring 5-7 local chicken birds. The village is usually getting a single chicken farm.
Two home assistance organizations particularly Kirmani and also Gulshan under IGSSS usually are active for many profits creating pursuits such as needle work, new carpet weaving as well as goat/ lambs rearing etc. These organizations will be well relevant along with various improvement specialists on the area. The even more research reveals while under:
Income Groups
S.No
Income around Rupees/Month
Level regarding Income Group
No connected with Households
Percentage connected with Households
1
Up to help 6000
Lower
60
17
2
6001-12000
Middle
130
37
3
12001 & Above
High
160
46
Total
350
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No connected with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
220
63
2
Resource Rich
130
37
Total
350
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. with households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
220
63
2
Horticulture
55
16
3
Olericulture
58
17
4
Animal Husbandry
38
11
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
12
6
Poultry Keeping
215
61
7
Sericulture
45
13
8
Handloom
80
23
9
Services
10
3
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. associated with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Poultry Keeping
195
56
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Poultry Keeping
85
24
3.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Sericulture + Poultry Keeping
60
17
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
10
3
Total
350
100
Contribution associated with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name of Enterprises
No involving Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
148
42
2
Horticulture
8
2
3
Olericulture
22
6
4
Animal Husbandry
32
9
5
Sheep/ Goat Husbandry
44
13
6
Poultry Keeping
14
4
7
Sericulture
10
3
8
Handloom
62
18
Services
10
3
Total
350
100
IV. Selected communities with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil for a Glance (Facts along with figures)
N = 46
1
Age (Yrs)
upto 20
21-35
36-50
51 & above
Total
No./%age
2 (4.3)
10 (21.7)
27 (58.7)
7 (15.2)
46 (100)
2
Education
Illiterate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Graduate & above
Total
No./%age
24 (52.2)
5 (10.9)
9 (19.6)
6 (13.0)
2 (4.3)
46 (100)
3
Family size
upto 4 members (small)
5-8 customers (medium0
9 & over (composite)
No./%age
2 (4.3)
23 (50)
21 (45.7)
46 (100)
4
Occupation
Farming
Business
Services
More as compared to one
Total
No/%age
18(39.1)
4(8.7)
2(4.3)
22(47.8)
46(100)
5
Income(Rs)/ Month /head
Upto 6000(Low)
6001-12000(Medium)
12001 & Above(High)
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
14(30.5)
10(21.7)
46(100)
6
Land Holding(Size) within Kanals
Upto 5
5.1-10
10.1-15
15.1 & Above
Landless
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
14(30.4)
11(23.9)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
46(100)
7
Source of Information (Persons)
Family Member
Relative
Neighbour
Friends
Village Head
Total
No/%age
25(54.3)
6(13.0)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
46(100)
(Officers)
VEW
AEO
HDO
NGO
U.Scientists
None
Total
No/%age
14(30.4)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
46(100)
(Media)
Radio
TV
Radio & TV
Newspapers
All
None
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
7(15.2)
24(52.2)
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
1(2.2)
46(100)
8
Frequency connected with Visits/ Offices
Weekly
Fortnightly
Monthly
Seasonally
Never
Total
Dev. Department.
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
8(17.4)
31(67.4)
46(100)
ATIC
-
-
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
40(87.0)
46(100)
KVK
-
-
-
1(2.2)
45(97.8)
46(100)
Research Stn.
-
-
-
2(4.3)
44(95.7)
46(100)
Univ. HQ
-
-
-
10(21.7)
36(78.3)
46(100)
9
Adoption connected with Technology
Paddy Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
21(45.7)
13(28.3)
7(15.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Seed Rate(Kgs/Kanal)
Upto 3
3.1 – 4
4.1 & Above
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
5(10.9)
31(67.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plants/Hill
5-8
More compared to 8
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
19(41.3)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
26(56.5)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Use connected with Weedicides
Use of Fungicide/Insecticide
Use associated with over one
None of Chemicals
Not Applicable
Total
No/$age
15(32.6)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
24(52.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal(Qtls.)
Upto 2
2.1-3.5
More than 3.5
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
18(39.1)
14(30.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
All Types regarding Problems
None with the Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
8(17.4)
3(6.5)
14(30.4)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
10
Maize Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
None
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
3(6.5)
2(4.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Seed Rate Kgs/Kanal
Upto 1.5
1.6-3.0
More as compared to 3
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
5(10.9)
8(17.4)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Applying insecticide etc.
Not Applying every Chemical
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
13(28.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal (Qtls.)
Upto 1
1.1-2.0
More than 2
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
None regarding Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
4(8.7)
4(8.7)
32(60.6)
46(100)
11
Rabi Crops Grown
Sarson/Mustard
Oats
Wheat
More than one
None associated with Crops
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
9(19.6)
28(60.9)
46(100)
12
Kharif Vegetables Grown
More as compared with One
None
Total
No/%age
39(84.8)
7(15.2)
46(100)
13
Rabi Vegetables Grown
More than One
None
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
11(23.9)
46(100)
14
Vegetable Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
All Types
None
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
13(28.3)
12(26.1)
46(100)
15
Fruit Orchard
Apple
Walnut
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
2(4.3)
2(4.3)
31(67.4)
46(100)
16
Apple Varieties
Local
Commercial
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
10(21.7)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Orchard Age(Yrs.)
upto-5 (New)
5.1-15 (Young)
15.1-30 & More (Old)
None
Total
No/%age
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Training & Pruning
Yes
No
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
6((13.0)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Fertilizer Applications
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
7(15.2)
4(8.7)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Apple Problems
Pollination
Diseases/Pests
Fertilizer application
More compared to one particular Problem
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
33(71.7)
46(100)
17
Cattle Rearing Breed
Local
Crossbred
Both(L&C)
None
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
18(39.1)
2(4.3)
13(28.3)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto 2
More in comparison with 2
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
29(63.0)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Milk Yield/H/D (Litres)
Upto several (Low)
4.1 – 8.0 (Medium)
8.1 – 15.0 (High)
Nil
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
17(37.0)
5(10.9)
15(32.6)
46(100)
Cattle Problem
Feeding
Diseases
Vet.Facilities
None
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
25(54.3)
3(6.5)
15(32.6)
46(100)
18
Sheep/Goat Rearing Breed
Local/Improved
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto- 2
3 - 6
More than 6
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Sheep/Goat Problem
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
19
Poultry Keeping Breed
Local
Improved
None
Total
No/%age
36(78.3)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
46(100)
Birds/Household
None
Upto-2
3-6
More than 6
Total
No/%age
10(21.7)
3(6.5)
11(23.9)
22(47.8)
46(100)
Poultry Problems
Feeding
Housing
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
27(58.7)
17(37.0)
46(100)
IV. Gap Analysis plus Proposed Extension Training Strategy/ Action Plan for that Representative Villages connected with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil
S. No
Enterprise/ Package Item
Existing situation/ problem
Village-wise rank of the situation / problem
Recommended programme/ measures plan with regard to Sumbal Sonawari area
Inderkot
Gundibrahim
Ganastan
Tregam
A. Agriculture (Crops)
1
Paddy cultivation
Growing paddy typically underneath waterlogged conditions
Severe waterlogged conditions
Less waterlogged
Mild waterlogged
Severe waterlogged
Introduction of Technology for paddy cultivation in waterlogged area through homework and also demonstration.
More use connected with local plus old cultivars of paddy (Nikchina, Safed China, Roosi, China 1007 etc.)
More compared to 1 / 3 of spot beneath local and traditional varieties
Half in the location less than nearby plus regular varieties
One next connected with community under community in addition to traditional varieties
Three fourth community under regional as well as common varieties
Replacement regarding paddy varieties through improved and also different versions like as China 1039, K39, Jehlum and Shalimar rice 1, through FLD process in addition to seed village improvement concept
Paddy area naturally susceptible that will drinking water logging stress conditions
Due in order to defective and infrequent drinking water submitting system
Due for you to faulty plus unnatural drinking water distribution system
Due for you to defective in addition to infrequent water supply system
Due to flawed along with intermittent water submitter system
Fair along with simply just water submitter needs the introduction of water farming engineering plus more drinking water lifting gas stops as well as canals
Using higher seed fees (more than 60-80 kg /ha)
Two third on the farmers utilizing higher seedling rate as compared to recommended
More than two next farmers implementing increased seedling price as compared with recommended
Nearly a couple of next farmer making use of better seedling quote as compared to recommended
Half associated with that farmers applying larger seed charge as compared to recommended
Awareness instruction courses is often valuable to lessen your seed rates through superior baby's room management
Transplanting method using far more plant per mound (Above 8 seedling each hill)
More when compared with one next farmers making use of on top of 8 seedlings per hill
Less in comparison with one third implementing above seven seedlings per hill
One next employing over eight seedling each hill
Two finally farmers implementing preceding 8 seedling every hill
Mortality with seedlings needs to be minimized applying improved upon seed, correct seed healing and means of consuming facilities with all the off-road ball.
Fertilizer application (Use of NPK fertilizers)
Nearly 50 % on the farmers making use of the many about three fertilizers relax are utilising often NP associated with N only
More than about three fourth utilizing partial application i.e. NP or N only
Nearly two next farmers using Partial application i.e. NP as well as N only
Half with the farmers applying Partial practical application i.e NP or N only
Awareness cum demonstration on utilization of improved seedling plus well-balanced fertilizers by way of FLD and also OFT programmes
Plant protection measures
More when compared with 1 / 2 with the player utilizing weedicide and merely all 5 percentage making use of insecticide/ fungicides
More as compared with 15 percent farmers applying weedicide only
One fourth from the farmers making use of weedicide and more compared to 8% are utilising fungicide
None of your farmers employing any kind of grow crops safety measure
Conducting involving instruction courses based on weed control, blast software as well as paddy grasshoppers.
Yield
Nearly 1 / 2 from the farmers harvesting 2.1 for you to 3.5 q /kanal
Less in comparison with 50 % with the farmers harvesting 2.1 to 3.5 q/kanal
Two third farmers harvesting 2.1 to help 3.5 q/kanal
Only one particular fourth with the farmers enjoying 2.1 for you to 3.5 q/ kanal
The promise every kanal can be increased over the demo involving scientific cultivation involving paddy within mineral water logged problems with each and every village.
2
Maize
Grown local types under rainfed illnesses seeing that cows fodder or perhaps combined along with Rajmash
One fourth belonging to the farmers growing maize under rainfed conditions
Two third belonging to the farmers growing maize within rainfed conditions
Less compared to one fourth with the farmers raising maize less than rainfed conditions
One fourth with the farmers raising maize underneath rainfed conditions
High yielding (for grain and fodder) as well as low mineral water need options should be popularized through demos and training programmes
Methods involving planting and seedling rate
One next belonging to the farmers increasing maize less than rainfed conditions and employing seed rate 1.6 in order to 3 kg/kanal
Two third from the farmers growing maize under rainfed conditions plus making use of seed amount 1.6 to three kg/kanal
Less in comparison with one fourth in the farmers expanding maize less than rainfed conditions plus utilizing seed charge 1.6 to three or more kg/kanal
One fourth belonging to the farmers raising maize under rainfed problems along with applying seed starting rate 1.6 in order to several kg/kanal
FLD plan upon maize cultivation may perhaps be done in each and every village. Emphasis end up being presented about encouraged seed starting rate
Fertilizer job application (Use of NPK fertilizers)
None of the player using any fertilizer
None in the farmer applying any kind of fertilizer
Few farmers (8%) utilizing fertilizers
None of the particular player implementing any kind of fertilizer
Awareness really should be made to use recommended dose of fertilizers through FLDs
Plant defense measures
Although difficulty connected with stem borer as well as leaf sheath blight documented but none from the seed safety measures taken
Although problem associated with come borer and leaf sheath blight announced nonetheless it's unlikely that any of the grow plants protection steps taken
Although dilemma associated with control borer and leaf sheath blight noted but nothing of the particular plant defense measures taken
Although problem of come borer and leaf sheath blight announced but none of them of your grow safeguard methods taken
Integrated Pest Management on Maize might be introduced.
Yield
Maize is generally grown up as fodder nonetheless materials produce coming from 50 kg to help 2 q /kanal is reported
Maize is generally grown when fodder even so materials produce out of fifty kg to a couple of q /kanal will be reported
Maize is usually commonly developed because fodder on the other hand materials produce from 50 kg to a couple of queen /kanal will be reported
Maize is mostly grown up as fodder on the other hand materials produce from 50 kg to help a couple of q /kanal can be reported
Technology connected to farmers support throughout acquiring twin profit might be demonstrated in each village
3
Rabi Crops
Mustard,oats plus Wheat
Two third belonging to the farmers not taking almost any rabi crop, nonetheless remaining one 3 rd having oats and also wheat with regard to fodder purposes.
Half in the farmers not getting almost any rabi crop, even so leftover 30 % using mustard (Oilseed) and wheat pertaining to fodder purposes.
More in comparison with one half belonging to the farmers not really acquiring any rabi crop, then again other 1 / 3 using oats in addition to wheat pertaining to fodder purposes.
Two third from the farmers possibly not consuming any rabi crop, on the other hand other 30 % taking wheat with regard to fodder purposes.
Technology to have 2 bottle cropping may perhaps be demonstrated plus improved/ fresh fodder crop/ seed should be presented for farming purposes
4
General showing pattern
Single showing system (Monoculture) mainly followed
In kharief mainly paddy is usually harvested while in rabi the actual fields are water logged and continues fellow
In kharief mostly paddy is definitely produced during rabi the grounds are usually water logged and is still fellow
In kharief mostly paddy can be harvested while in rabi the actual areas usually are waters logged and is always fellow
In kharief primarily paddy is usually developed when it is in rabi the career fields are generally water logged along with remains fellow
Technology for taking double showing may perhaps be shown and improved/ new fodder crop/ seed ought to become supplied pertaining to cultivation purposes
B. Vegetables
1
Kharief vegetables
Growing just about all forms of produce intended for property usage solely (Cole, Solanaeceous, Cucurbits along with other vegetables).
Two finally developing vegetables pertaining to home-based purpose (Kitchen gardening)
Almost all growing veggies regarding home objective (Kitchen gardening)
Almost most of expanding vegetables to get every day function (Kitchen gardening)
More than Two finally developing veggies for home-based reason (Kitchen gardening)
Almost each one of that farmers possess their unique kitchen area gardens. So imparting instruction on house gardening for fresh, healthy and also normal method of getting greens for dwelling usage will probably be with extremely important importance especially with the rural women
Input supply (seeds, fertilizers etc.)
Just adequate
Inadequate
Just adequate
Adequate
The SHGs inside villages normally takes task with feedback availability along with facilitate the actual community
Insect, pest and also disease problems (Cut worms, borers, aphids, wilt along with blight etc.)
Nearly half on the farmers/ growers facing insect, pest in addition to disease problem
Half on the farmers /growers facing insect, pest in addition to disease problem
More as compared to some last in the farmers /growers confronting insect, pest in addition to illness problem
Nearly all the farmers /growers confronting insect, pest and also condition problem
Vegetable, unwanted pests in addition to ailments (like reduce worms, borers and wilt as well as blight in chillies, capsicum, tomato along with brinjal) are posing a life threatening threat as well as envisages conduction regarding IPM instruction programmes / program for farm ladies as well as youth. Seed and plant healing could be popularized.
Latest polyhouse technology, seed starting production, down season, post-harvest vegetable production technologies to get financial purposes.
Unknown on the farmers nonetheless mainly interested in training
Unknown towards the farmers although mostly considering training
Unknown to your farmers but mainly enthusiastic about training
Unknown into the farmers nevertheless generally keen on training
Training program associated with fruit flesh occur cucurbits by simply pollination strategies to adult females and village youth. Training related to commercialization along with vegetable seedling production with regard to town youth along with women. Training with posting harvesting software involving town women of all ages and youngsters by way of SHGs shall lead to girls empowerment
2
Rabi vegetables
Growing leafy, underlying vegetables, peas etc. on limited size caused by drainage system
More in comparison with 1 / 2 of this farmers expanding rabi vegetables within their kitchen gardens
Nearly two lastly in the farmers rising rabi vegetables inside their house gardens
All your farmers growing rabi produce inside their kitchen area gardens
More as compared with a pair of 3 rd with the farmers developing rabi fruit and vegetables of their kitchen area gardens
Awareness cum teaching shows with scientific cultivation involving rabi greens from the area intended for ladies people specially will be associated with wonderful importance
Inputs and also hottest techie know-how
More as compared with 1 / 3rd on the farmers encounter trouble of inputs and complex know-how
Less than one next in the farmers face difficulty associated with inputs plus specialized know-how
One last from the farmers experience challenge of inputs plus specialized know-how
More when compared with 50 % belonging to the farmers face trouble with inputs and specialised know-how
Vegetables by using higher waters prerequisite (water loving vegetables) always be popularized. Training programmes for seed starting development plus post-harvest technologies really should be introduced
C. Horticulture
B
Fruit Growing (Apple, Pear, Walnut etc.)
Fruit increasing is limited to increased elevations, karewa lands and just lately globe stuffed lands. Mostly orchards will be the wrong way been able in addition to experiencing challenges associated with insect pest diseases (Root rot, scruff of the neck rot, scab, alterneria etc.), pollination, fruit flesh set, crops drop, false pruning etc. In apple mackintosh as well as pear orchards. Insect, pest and sickness difficulty with walnut (walnut weevil, stem borer etc.
More as compared to one third rising apple only
One lastly increasing apple and also walnut equally
One fourth raising virtually all varieties of temperate fruits
More compared to one third increasing every type regarding fruits
Since fruit expanding is not really common, even so the apple company pear as well as walnut trees and shrubs in some in the orchard were being poorly managed in shortage regarding appropriate specialised know-how. To improve the horticulture within the area, intensive teaching is required in orchard layout, management, IPM, pruning along with training, place propagation approaches etc. for any plantation young ones to be able to create ability around berries culture and make employment.
D. Livestock
1
Cattle (cow plus draught animals)
Lack involving know-how and veterinary comforts together with take care that will canine advancement plus milk yield
Three fourth on the farmers showing cattle yielding primarily four liters with dairy each day for each head. Nearly half cattle society cross bred
Three fourth of the farmers rearing livestock yielding typically several liters regarding milk daily per head. One fourth livestock population combination bred
More than Three final of the farmers rearing cows yielding mostly five liters connected with milk each day each head. Half livestock inhabitants cross bred
More as compared with one third of that farmers rearing cattle yielding mainly 4 to seven liters with milk everyday for every head. One fourth cows populace cross bred
Cattle parenting with the location is dominant along with close to several next households trying to keep a few cattle yielding take advantage of also as long as 12-15 liters now and again for every day. Training programme on stock growth (Breed Improvement) through synchronization and also AI programmes.
Dosing along with vaccination, cattle diseases for instance FMD, Mastitis, ecto and also endo parasites, Rinderpest etc.
More than half farmers announced livestock diseases seeing that major problem
Less compared to one fourth farmers noted cows ailments because most important problem
Nearly 30 % farmers documented livestock ailments while most important problem
Negligible fraction with farmers reported livestock conditions seeing that main problem
Training programme on healing / vaccination along with dosing against conditions just like FMD, Mastitis and endo ecto parasites (Worms, ticks and also mites) etc.
Feeding associated with cattle
One third involving farmers described fodder/ give shortages for cattle
None of farmers documented fodder/ feed shortages to get cattle
Nearly a pair of finally regarding farmers claimed fodder/ nourish shortages pertaining to cattle
None of farmers announced fodder/ feed shortages for cattle
Training system upon arrangement and also make use of involving well-balanced cows rations. Introduction as well as developing with brand-new fodders in the area
Willing regarding progress a dairy products commercial unit
None with the character know about this industrial unit
None on the farmer learn about that business unit
None on the character be familiar with the financial unit
None connected with the actual farmer be informed on the commercial unit
After harvest production, cattle rearing are a major hobby of this place in addition to ought to be organized by means of advancement of dairy products units along with cooperatives to get selection and also submitter associated with milk.
2
Sheep/ goat rearing
Good number of area goats and combination canine sheep wants particular breed of dog improvement
One sixth farmers parenting goat / sheep up to half a dozen Nos as well as extra for each head
Half associated with the farmers rearing goat / sheep as much as 6 Nos and up every head
Less than just one fifth farmers parenting goat / sheep as long as a few Nos and up per head
Less when compared with one fifty percent farmers rearing goat / sheep about 6 Nos or a lot more for each head
Nearly a single fourth in the farmers rearing goat/ sheep inside area as long as six Nos. or over per household. Thus advertising that lambs / goat showing activity for a sensible unit with regard to unemployed / farm junior is usually popularized.
Dosing plus vaccination
The illnesses including FMD, Mangitits, base rot, endo in addition to ecto parasites reported.
The disorders just like FMD, Mangitits, feet rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The conditions including FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The illnesses just like FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo and also ecto parasites reported.
Sheep/ goat attention items within that villages be established. Training program on treatment/ vaccination and dosing resistant to the diseases established from the area
Development of sheep and goat unit
None with the character be familiar with the private unit
None from the farmer find out about that commercial unit
None with the player know about your business unit
None with the farmer learn about that commercial unit
Promoting the actual sheep along with goat rearing action on Establishment of sheep / goat model with regard to work and salary technology for farm young ones and women.
3
Poultry keeping
Keeping of solely couple of area creatures per family pertaining to home purposes
Three last in the farmers trying to keep 3 to help 6 regional fowls per household
Less as compared to a few fourth of the farmers preserving several that will some area birds for every household
More when compared with three fourth connected with the particular farmers keeping three to be able to half a dozen regional fowls per household
More as compared with three final of the farmers maintaining several to be able to some local parrots every household
Introduction with lawn poultry with improved / brand-new type (Vonraja) with regard to business purposes by way of females SHGs associated with that area may possibly become encouraged.
More parrot death due to poultry ailments (Cocidiosis, Ranikhet etc.)
One half farmers experiencing disease challenge inside chicken keeping
One 1 / 2 farmers going through disease problem within poultry keeping
One fifty percent farmers experiencing condition dilemma inside chicken keeping
All this farmers going through illness trouble in poultry keeping
Organization regarding training programmes on scientific poultry keeping plus handle regarding health conditions like Ranikhet, Cocidiosis etc.
E. Allied activities
Handicrafts
Prominent throughout handicraft things to do
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